CSCI 587 - Lecture 2 Overview Continued

• Representing Syntax: grammars/parse trees
  • John sold the book to Mary.
  • The book was sold to Mary by John.
  • Asterisk notation - ill-formed sentence
  • *After it fell in the river, John sold Mary the book.
  • After it fell in the river, the book was sold to Mary by John.
  • * John are in the corner.
  • * John put the book.
  • Flying planes are dangerous.
  • Flying planes is dangerous.
• Representing Semantics
  • Katz and Fodor (1964) "linguistic description minus grammar equals semantics"
  • Semantic markers example
  • Chomsky(1965) Deep structure vs Surface structure
  • Filemore: Case Grammars
  • Shank: Conceptual Dependency
  • Logical form
  • John invited Mary to the Halloween ball.
  • Visiting relatives can be trying.
  • Visiting museums can be trying.

  Linguistic Background

• morphology - the construction of words from basic components
  • inflectional forms
  • derivational forms: e.g., friend->friendly->friendliness
• Basic categories and tests
  • noun
  • adjective:
  • verb
  • adverbs
  • articles
  • demonstratives
  • possesives
  • wh-determiners: which, what, how, when, where ...
  • quantinfying determiners: some, every, many ...
• open classes:
• closed classes:
• Head - an open class word that forms the basis for a phrase
• Complement - the set of words needed to complete the meaning of the head
• Count nouns - denote specific objects or sets
• mass nouns - denote composites or substances
• proper nouns
• adjectives vs noun modifiers
• pronouns
  • person
  • gender
  • case

Readings

Sections 1.5-1.6, 2.1-2.2

Assignment 1 Due Jan 23

page 18 #1, #2b, #3
page 37 #1